Philosophy and Logic

PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC

AUTONOMY (N) independence from external constraints; self-determination

CANON (N) a rule, norm, tenet or principle that is logically consistent

CORPOREAL (AD)) relating to the body or to physical matter

DIALECTIC (N) a formal system of reasoning that arrives at the   truth by the exchange of logical arguments; a way of discovering what is true by considering opposite theories

EMPIRICAL (N) based on direct or practical observation and experience

FALLACIOUS (AD') logically unsound; misleading or deceptive
  

HEURISTIC (AD)) serving to persuade through discovery and revelation rather than through logic or rhetoric; allowing to learn by discovering from own experiences rather than by telling

METAPHYSICS (N) the part of philosophy about understanding existence and knowledge

NIHILISM (N) the belief that there is no purpose to existence; rejection of established laws and institutions

NON SEQUITUR (N) that which does not follow logically

ONTOLOGY (N) a branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature and relations of being

PARADOX (N) a seemingly contradictory assertion that may nevertheless be true or valid

POSTULATE (N) a hypothesis that cannot be demonstrated; a proposition accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning

TAUTOLOGY (N) an unnecessary repetition of a word or phrase that does not add to the clarity of the term. An example would be "widow woman" or "he will either win or not win"